Those terrible weeks in their camp human rights watch. The focus is on the extent to which illiteracy, unemployment. The paper ventured into panoramic view of boko haram insurgency and its manifestations in nigeria. Boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. Boko haram bh, meaning western education is forbidden, an islamist militant insurgent group based in northeastern nigeria, has been. Boko haram, a once obscure islamist terrorist group in northern. Counterinsurgency and counterterrorism in theory and practice irregular warfare now and in the future conclusion readers guide western democracies have had difficulty responding to the new reality of global violent. Introduction since 2009 nigeria has been in the grip of a violent islamic insurgency by the extremist sect widely known as boko haram. The road to radicalization boko haram was created in 2002 in maiduguri, the capital of the northeastern state of borno, by islamist cleric mohammed yusuf. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right to. Women and the boko haram insurgency crisis group africa report n242, 5 december 2016 page ii in government camps where food is scarce and healthcare dismal. In order to better understand boko haram now and in the future, this report, edited by jacob zenn, challenges some key misconceptions about the insurgency and provides new analyses and.
The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. Boko harams fouryearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against. Boko haram, nigerias homegrown islamist insurgency, whose name in hausa roughly translates as western education is forbidden, has abducted at least 500 women and. Major research paper the boko haram insurgency driving. Since 2009, the boko haram insurgency and the governments military response have killed tens of thousands of civilians and displaced millions across the lake chad region, which straddles cameroon, chad, niger, and nigeria. Despite declaring a caliphate, boko haram has made little attempt at governing the territory it has captured. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in. However, while security forces may have put boko haram on the back foot, the social. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers july 2, 2017 idris ibrahim file photo. Boko haram, and more recently, its splinter group ansaru. The nature of nigerias boko haram war, 20102015 universiteit. In 2002, an offshoot of this youth group not yet known as boko haram declared the city and the islamic establishment to be intolerably corrupt and irredeemable. This book focuses on boko haram and terrorism in nigeria, framing the conflict. Boko haram is a violent sunni jihadist group founded by cleric mohammed yusuf, who was previously a leader within a salafist group in the 1990s, and was inspired by 14th century fundamentalist scholar ibn taymiyyah.
An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options from previous hit. Chad is hosting 10,000 n displaced to diffa region in niger. Boko haram insurgency 1 briefing note 20 january 2014 nigeria. Since the beginning of boko harams insurgency in 2010, thousands of nigerian. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over various issues between nigerian islamic organizations. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. In reality, whatever boko haram did or claimed to do is contrary to islamic teaching of prophet muhammad peace and blessing be upon him. The abduction in april of nearly 300 schoolgirls from chibok, a northeastern nigerian village, by fighters of the extremist group boko haram received wide attention from social media campaigner s and the news media. The don, a civil society activist, said there was need to understand what has sustained the boko haram insurgency and how local communities can play a role in battling the insurgency. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and. A comparative study of niger delta and boko haram uprisings article pdf available in journal of asian and african studies 502 march 2014 with 7,500 reads. The analysis has identified the following as key strengths of boko haram.
In order to better understand boko haram now and in the future, this report, edited by jacob zenn, challenges some key misconceptions about the insurgency and provides new analyses and continued. Its implication and way forwards toward avoidance of future insurgency olaide ismail aro abstract the end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko haram. The boko haram insurgency in particular cuts across the borders of nigeria to niger. Boko haram, insurgency, education system nigeria is a country in the western part of africa credited with having a population of about 174 million people, covering geographical space of 923,768km 2 which is divided into 36 states. Governor kashim shettima of borno state on monday released the grim statistics of deaths and material losses suffered by the state due to the boko haram insurgency mr. Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. For example, the unconventional activities of ruthless insurgent groups in africa such as the islamic state of the maghrib, boko haram, and al shabaab often. The paper is designed to investigate the factors responsible for boko haram insurgency in yobe state, nigeria. The history of boko haram boko harams origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. Boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria. Civilianled governance and security in nigeria after boko haram. Since 2009, nigeria has been experiencing a deadly insurgency led by boko haram bh, after the extrajudicial killing of its leader muhammad yusuf by the police.
D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. Oct 06, 2014 the boko haram insurgency, by the numbers. Smith an insurgency in nigeria by the islamist extremist group boko haram has left thousands dead, shaken africas biggest country and worried the world. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. Hyperlinks to source material are highlighted in blue and underlined in the text. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges.
Boko harams insurgency, but it also identifies gaps in the literature. Haram in northern nigeria, while danjibo 2009 attempts a comparative evaluation of the maitatsine and boko haram crises in northern nigeria as manifestations of islamic fundamentalism and sectarian violence in nigeria. Even before the boko haram insurgency, northeastern nigeria had the lowest. Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria. A critical examination of the origin, forms and dimensions becomes sacrosanct. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. Nation listing entry describes boko haram as an affiliate of alqaeda and also one of the organisations of alqaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim reuters, 2014. Mother and child in an internally displaced peoples camp yola, adamawa state. Boko haram, a violent but diffuse islamist sect, has grown increasingly active and. It is the most problematic issue that threats economic, political and social development of the country.
Therefore, this study aims to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security system. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigerias muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. The group is known as jamaatul alhul sunnah lidda wat, wal jihad translated as association of the people of the sunnah for preaching and jihad or boko haram. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. This briefing summarises and analyses the main international developments, the actions of us and european partners, the actions of local governments and coalitions, and the various boko haram operations over the previous month. Its implication and way forwards toward avoidance of future insurgency olaide ismail aro abstract the end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko. Table of contents 1 3 5 7 9 12 15 17 20 22 24 25 27 28 29 30 acknowledgments the author introduction inadequate explanations of boko harams rise local and global roots. Haramyusufiyya named after yusuf or by its much broader name, jamaatul ahalul sunna waljamaa lidda a wati wal jihadi jaswal jihad. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. The boko haram insurgency, a jihadist rebel group, is internationally recognized and condemned as a terrorist organization. This paper explores the various perspectives on the formation and radicalization of boko haram in nigeria. Boko haram, was once a social communal movement but gradually evolved into a fullblown destructive hydraheaded insurgency operating in some states of the northeast of nigeria.
In order to understand how the boko haram insurgency threatens security, it is pertinent to provide a background of its evolution. Lessons from colombia for curtailing the boko haram insurgency. A public affairs analyst, bala zakka in this interview disclosed that the insurgency is a fallout from northerners ability to allow evil seed of boko haram to be planted in the countrys soil. With its rank and file decimated, boko haram reportedly has resorted to. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria from the past seven years has in. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. This study therefore builds on earlier works already done in the field of boko haram insurgency in nigeria.
Other boko haram commanders, including the christmas day 2011 church bombings mastermind, kabiru sokoto, also have sought refuge in camer. Boko haram leader abu shekau reportedly fled to ngaoundere in northern cameroon after boko harams january 20, 2012 attacks in kano, which killed 186 people. The problem of insurgency has for several decades occupied a good part of the attention of ir scholars. While boko haram cant be neatly characterized as an insurgency or terrorist organization, its origins appear rooted in grievances over poor governance and sharp inequality in nigerian society. A northern agenda for regime change and islamization in nigeria, 2007 20 by chukwuemeka eze malachy nnamdi azikiwe university, nigeria abstract nigeria witnessed the emergence of boko haram an islamic sect in 2002 and its active insurgency since 2009.
Human security at the basics, is defined as freedom from violence and threat of. Separated from husbands and sons conscripted or killed by boko haram or arrested by security forces, many women are now fully. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in. Pdf the psychological trauma inflicted by boko haram. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in nigeria the boko haram fundamentalist islamic group is the first insurgent organization in nigeria to be classified as a terrorist organization by the united states of america and its allies. The theory and practice of irregular warfare protecting the system.
Dec 11, 2017 the boko haram insurgency, a jihadist rebel group, is internationally recognized and condemned as a terrorist organization. The paper also considers the effectiveness of the steps taken by the nigerian government to secure childrens right to education in line with its obligations under international law, in the context of the insurgency. These set of militant during the cause of prosecuting. The abduction in april of nearly 300 schoolgirls from chibok, a northeastern nigerian village, by fighters of the extremist group boko haram received wide attention from social media campaigner s and the news media but events in nigeria have been overshadowed in recent months. The last of five monthly intelligence briefings on the boko haram insurgency prepared for the remote control project. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over.
Boko harams sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives. Boko haram is a terrorist sect whose main objective hinges on the opposition of western education. However the group members call themselves jamaah alahlu alsunnah li aldawah wa aljihad. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic. Its ideology stems from the concept of haram, or a rejection of western education, social and political systems. This paper studies the boko haram and its operations with a view. Boko haram emerged around 2002 as a local islamic group. Boko haram boko haram, officially jamaatu ahlis sunna liddaawati waljihad can be translated as people committed to the propagation of the prophets teachings and jihad is a religious sect operating in mostly northeastern regions of nigeria, with recent significant.
Consequently, the following facts encompass some of the most crucial details of the boko haram insurgency. More than 12,000 people have been killed in boko haram attacks across northern nigeria and hundreds of. The paper aims at investigating the activities of boko haram in nigeria with particular attention on its effects on the socioeconomic development of the country. In 2019, the conflict in northeastern nigeria entered its eleventh year. Northern and central nigeria are engulfed in a violent insurgency campaign waged by jamaatu ahlis sunnah liddaawati wal jihad, a. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers. Boko haram has used niger, chad, and cameroon to hide, train, plan, recruit, and transit, historically focusing attacks on nigeria to avoid crackdowns in countries where it. We explore the challenges facing journalists as they report on boko harams insurgency in nigeria. The word boko haram means western education is forbidden. Olaniyan abstract myriad of problems have bedeviled the nigerian education system in the past. Apart from the threat to security, the sect has reconfigured the theme of. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. A common account of the groups origin traces it back to 2002, when mohammed yusuf, a charismatic preacher, became its leader.
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